Polyhedron

The

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

Magazine

Polyhedron

The

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

Magazine

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

magazine

The

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

The

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

magazine

Sharing rebel ideas to care for our living planet

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First part of the title-TT Ramillas 16 pts

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Meno Banner Main title

• TT Ramillas for the 3 key ideas: 21 pts, bold, bulleted
• It is always good to test the readability in mobile phones
  
• The font will always be black.

Heading 1 - TT Ramillas 27 pts

Body text of all articles: TT Ramillas 15 pts.

This font does have better legibility and is a modern transitional font between serif and non-serif. We have checked that it includes italics, bold, and is inclusive of compatibility with Latin characters, French, Spanish accents, etc. TT Ramillas will basically be used for all content in terms of text for reading. The other font, which will be Avenir will be used for all the descriptions of content.

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Colour Palette of The Polyhedron Magazine

Based on the Earthly colourful palette of the Amazon biome

O

ceans are full of sound. Waves, earthquakes and calving icebergs all contribute to the underwater soundscape. But so do human activities, and this can be a problem for marine life as it can seriously affect their physiology, behaviour, reproduction and even survival.

Published: 15th Nov 2023

Being able to produce and detect sound in an environment where light penetrates only a few hundred metres is crucial for animals to communicate, feed, avoid predators and navigate vast underwater habitats. Large whales generate low frequency communication calls that can travel thousands of kilometres. While the snapping shrimp, native to the western Atlantic, can produce a loud snapping sound capable of stunning and killing its prey.

The noise generated by humans changes the natural acoustic environment of our oceans and our capacity to produce it is increasing. Noise is often the unintentional by product of transport, infrastructure development and industry.

Yet noise can also be produced deliberately. Many navies use sonar to detect ships and submarines, while geologists survey the seabed for oil and gas using seismic airguns. The noise produced by an airgun can exceed 200 decibels (louder than a gunshot at a range of one metre).

authors

• Carmody Grey ,
• Angus Richie,
• Rachel Valbrun,
• Meriel Woodward
• Carlos Zepeda

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Sound travels further and four times faster in water than in air (at a speed of almost 1,500 metres per second). The noise produced by humans can therefore spread considerable distances underwater. These sounds can be relatively constant, such as the noise produced by a ship’s engine and propeller, or sudden and acute in the case of naval sonar and seismic airguns.

Can noise kill?

The sound produced by a seismic airgun can cause permanent hearing loss, tissue damage and even death in nearby animals.

Evidence for the lethal effects of noise can be hard to document in the open ocean. But seismic surveys have been linked to the mass mortality of squid and zooplankton. In 2017, research revealed that a single air gun caused the death rate of zooplankton to increase from 18% to 40–60% over a 1.2 kilometre stretch of the ocean off the coast of southern Tasmania.

The use of naval sonar has also been associated with the mass stranding of several whale species in the Caribbean, Europe and East Asia. Mass stranding events involve entire pods of animals simultaneously beaching themselves.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Arrested development

Over the past two decades, research has also revealed the widespread impact of chronic noise exposure on animal behaviour and physiology. These impacts can extend well beyond the noise source and affect vast areas of the ocean.

Laboratory studies on the sea hare – a marine slug – revealed that exposure to boat noise led to a 21% reduction in successful embryo development. Individuals that hatched also suffered a 22% higher death rate than sea hares that were not exposed to boat noise.

These findings demonstrate the negative effects that a common source of underwater noise can have on animal development and survival. If these laboratory results can be applied to natural environments then such impacts could threaten entire populations of marine species in particular areas.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Disrupted behaviour

Observing the movements, feeding, communication, resting and social interactions of animals provides scientists with a method for exploring the effects of noise.

The behavioural impacts of noise on marine mammals are particularly well studied due to conservation concerns and their reliance on sound for communication, foraging and navigation. Many of these species move large distances and long-range communication is crucial for coordinating social interactions and reproduction.

But the sounds produced by large marine mammals are of a similar low frequency range to much of the noise produced by humans. The noise produced by ships tends to be below 2 kHz which overlaps with the vocal frequencies produced by many large mammals. Blue whales, for example, produce frequency vocalisations of less than 100 Hz meaning their calls can be lost in the background din.

O

ceans are full of sound. Waves, earthquakes and calving icebergs all contribute to the underwater soundscape. But so do human activities, and this can be a problem for marine life as it can seriously affect their physiology, behaviour, reproduction and even survival.

Published: 15th Nov 2023

Being able to produce and detect sound in an environment where light penetrates only a few hundred metres is crucial for animals to communicate, feed, avoid predators and navigate vast underwater habitats. Large whales generate low frequency communication calls that can travel thousands of kilometres. While the snapping shrimp, native to the western Atlantic, can produce a loud snapping sound capable of stunning and killing its prey.

The noise generated by humans changes the natural acoustic environment of our oceans and our capacity to produce it is increasing. Noise is often the unintentional by product of transport, infrastructure development and industry.

Yet noise can also be produced deliberately. Many navies use sonar to detect ships and submarines, while geologists survey the seabed for oil and gas using seismic airguns. The noise produced by an airgun can exceed 200 decibels (louder than a gunshot at a range of one metre).

authors

• Carmody Grey ,
• Angus Richie,
• Rachel Valbrun,
• Meriel Woodward
• Carlos Zepeda

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Sound travels further and four times faster in water than in air (at a speed of almost 1,500 metres per second). The noise produced by humans can therefore spread considerable distances underwater. These sounds can be relatively constant, such as the noise produced by a ship’s engine and propeller, or sudden and acute in the case of naval sonar and seismic airguns.

Can noise kill?

The sound produced by a seismic airgun can cause permanent hearing loss, tissue damage and even death in nearby animals.

Evidence for the lethal effects of noise can be hard to document in the open ocean. But seismic surveys have been linked to the mass mortality of squid and zooplankton. In 2017, research revealed that a single air gun caused the death rate of zooplankton to increase from 18% to 40–60% over a 1.2 kilometre stretch of the ocean off the coast of southern Tasmania.

The use of naval sonar has also been associated with the mass stranding of several whale species in the Caribbean, Europe and East Asia. Mass stranding events involve entire pods of animals simultaneously beaching themselves.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Arrested development

Over the past two decades, research has also revealed the widespread impact of chronic noise exposure on animal behaviour and physiology. These impacts can extend well beyond the noise source and affect vast areas of the ocean.

Laboratory studies on the sea hare – a marine slug – revealed that exposure to boat noise led to a 21% reduction in successful embryo development. Individuals that hatched also suffered a 22% higher death rate than sea hares that were not exposed to boat noise.

These findings demonstrate the negative effects that a common source of underwater noise can have on animal development and survival. If these laboratory results can be applied to natural environments then such impacts could threaten entire populations of marine species in particular areas.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Disrupted behaviour

Observing the movements, feeding, communication, resting and social interactions of animals provides scientists with a method for exploring the effects of noise.

The behavioural impacts of noise on marine mammals are particularly well studied due to conservation concerns and their reliance on sound for communication, foraging and navigation. Many of these species move large distances and long-range communication is crucial for coordinating social interactions and reproduction.

But the sounds produced by large marine mammals are of a similar low frequency range to much of the noise produced by humans. The noise produced by ships tends to be below 2 kHz which overlaps with the vocal frequencies produced by many large mammals. Blue whales, for example, produce frequency vocalisations of less than 100 Hz meaning their calls can be lost in the background din.

• Artistic expressions in Africa often depict connections between people, nature and the spirit. In this gallery we show the work of Maya Xihuatelac, Guatemalan artist known for her depictions of Mayan culture.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

N

oisy oceans are having a profound negative impact on marine life. Taking action to protect and restore natural soundscapes is a key priority for conservation.

The good news is that noise is removed from the environment as soon as the sound source is switched off or turned down. Technological developments in ship design, such as reduced propellor cavitation (the formation of air bubbles on the surface of a propeller), have already lowered the noise produced by ships.

Light and pain in the age of the Anthropocene

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Noisy oceans are having a profound negative impact on marine life. Taking action to protect and restore natural soundscapes is a key priority for conservation.

Faith Communities and Ecology

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Noisy oceans are having a profound negative impact on marine life. Taking action to protect and restore natural soundscapes is a key priority for conservation.

Noisy oceans Integral Ecology, Energy, Water, Forests, Land, Life, Oceans

O

ceans are full of sound. Waves, earthquakes and calving icebergs all contribute to the underwater soundscape. But so do human activities, and this can be a problem for marine life as it can seriously affect their physiology, behaviour, reproduction and even survival.

Being able to produce and detect sound in an environment where light penetrates only a few hundred metres is crucial for animals to communicate, feed, avoid predators and navigate vast underwater habitats. Large whales generate low frequency communication calls that can travel thousands of kilometres. While the snapping shrimp, native to the western Atlantic, can produce a loud snapping sound capable of stunning and killing its prey.

The noise generated by humans changes the natural acoustic environment of our oceans and our capacity to produce it is increasing. Noise is often the unintentional by product of transport, infrastructure development and industry.

Yet noise can also be produced deliberately. Many navies use sonar to detect ships and submarines, while geologists survey the seabed for oil and gas using seismic airguns. The noise produced by an airgun can exceed 200 decibels (louder than a gunshot at a range of one metre).

authors

• Carmody Grey ,
• Angus Richie,
• Rachel Valbrun,
• Meriel Woodward
• Carlos Zepeda

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Sound travels further and four times faster in water than in air (at a speed of almost 1,500 metres per second). The noise produced by humans can therefore spread considerable distances underwater. These sounds can be relatively constant, such as the noise produced by a ship’s engine and propeller, or sudden and acute in the case of naval sonar and seismic airguns.

Can noise kill?

The sound produced by a seismic airgun can cause permanent hearing loss, tissue damage and even death in nearby animals.

Evidence for the lethal effects of noise can be hard to document in the open ocean. But seismic surveys have been linked to the mass mortality of squid and zooplankton. In 2017, research revealed that a single air gun caused the death rate of zooplankton to increase from 18% to 40–60% over a 1.2 kilometre stretch of the ocean off the coast of southern Tasmania.

The use of naval sonar has also been associated with the mass stranding of several whale species in the Caribbean, Europe and East Asia. Mass stranding events involve entire pods of animals simultaneously beaching themselves.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Arrested development

Over the past two decades, research has also revealed the widespread impact of chronic noise exposure on animal behaviour and physiology. These impacts can extend well beyond the noise source and affect vast areas of the ocean.

Laboratory studies on the sea hare – a marine slug – revealed that exposure to boat noise led to a 21% reduction in successful embryo development. Individuals that hatched also suffered a 22% higher death rate than sea hares that were not exposed to boat noise.

These findings demonstrate the negative effects that a common source of underwater noise can have on animal development and survival. If these laboratory results can be applied to natural environments then such impacts could threaten entire populations of marine species in particular areas.

Travel restrictions saw numbers of endangered dolphins increase near Hong Kong. Jerome Favre/EPA

Seeds

By Lucy in the Sky